Ханбалык: различия между версиями

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== История ==

| archiveurl = http://www.webcitation.org/61C3bEsGn

| archivedate = 2011-08-25

<!-- When in the 16th century the Western Europeans reached China via [[Malacca]] and [[Northern and southern China|South China]], they were not initially aware that China is the same country as «[[Cathay]]» about which they had known from Marco Polo, or that the «Cambalu» of Marco Polo’s fame is Beijing. It was not until [[Matteo Ricci]]'s first visit in Beijing (1598), and his meetings with Central Asian visitors («Arabian Turks, or Mohammedans», in [[Louis J. Gallagher]]'s translation) who told him that that the city they are in is «Cambalu», that he became fully convinced that Cathay was China and Cambalu was Beijing. The learned Jesuit even [[folk etymology|folkk-etymologized]] the name «Cambalu» as being «partly of Chinese and partly of [[Mongolian language|Tartar]] origin». According to Ricci’s fanciful etymology, «Cam» ([[Khan]]?) meant «great» in «[[Mongolian language|Tartar language]]», «Ba» came from Chinese ''bei'' (北), «north», and «Lu» was the usual way of referring to the «[[Mongols|Tartars]]» in Chinese books.<ref>[[Nicolas Trigault|Trigault, Nicolas]] S. J. «China in the Sixteenth Century: The Journals of Mathew Ricci: 1583—1610». English translation by [[Louis J. Gallagher]], S.J. (New York: Random House, Inc. 1953) of the Latin work, ''[[De Christiana expeditione apud Sinas]]'' based on [[Matteo Ricci]]'s journals completed by [[Nicolas Trigault]]. Book four, Chapter 3, «Failure at Pekin», pp. 312—313. There is also [http://books.google.com.au/books?id=iLsWAAAAQAAJ full Latin text] available on [[Google Books]].</ref> Despite Jesuits' reports about the [[Cathay#Identifying_China_as_Cathay|identity]] of Cathay and China, and Cambalu and Beijing, many European maps continued to show «Cathay», with its capital «Cambalu», located somewhere northeast of [[China proper]], for much of the 17th century. -->