Дашнакцутюн: различия между версиями

 

== История ==

=== Создание партии ===

[[Файл:Founders of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation Stepan Zorian, Christapor Mikaelian, Simon Zavarian.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Основатели партии «Дашнакцутюн» [[Зорян-Ростом, Степан Григорьевич|Ростом Зорьян]], [[Микаелян, Христофор|Христофор Микаелян]] и [[Заварян, Симон Меликович|Симон Заварян]]]]

 

=== Проведённые акции в конце XIX — начале XX веков ===

==== Хамидийская резня и реакция АРФ ====

{{also|Сасунская самооборона (1894)}}

 

Рост политической активности армянской общины вызвал жестокие репрессии правительства Османской империи — [[Массовые убийства армян в 1894—1896 годах|кровавую резню]], осуществлявшуюся преимущественно курдскими вооруженными формированиями [[Хамидие (кавалерия)|хамидие]] по приказу султана [[Абдул-Хамид II|Абдул-Хамида]]. В ответ на эти действия члены Армянской революционной федерации провели ряд акций, призванных привлечь внимание европейских держав к этим событиям и [[Армянский вопрос|армянскому вопросу]] в целом, заручиться их вмешательством и поддержкой{{sfn|Hovannisian|1997|с=224—225{{oq|en|The massacres again aroused world opinion against the "terrible Turk" and led to one of the most audicious and celebrated acts of the Armenian revolutionaries. Although the Armenian Revolutionary Federation had generally refrained from the Hnchakist tactic of public agitation and demonstration, the Dashnaktsutiun now authorized a plot to schock the Europeans into action. The scheme involved the capture of the Ottoman bank, which since the declaration of financial insolvency by the sultan's government in 1882 had been placed under the joint administration of the European creditor states. Located in the Galata quarter of Constantinople, the Ottoman bank controlled the financial pulse of the empire. On August 26 1896, twenty-six heavily armed Dashnakists, led by the youth Babgen Siuni, stormed the bank, took hostage the European personnel, and threatened to blow up the money vaults, hostages and themselves if their terms were not met within forty-eight hours.}}}}{{sfn|Pannosian|2006|с=216—217{{oq|en|Hnchaks continued their protests in the following years. In September 1895 they once again organised a mass rally, having notified foreign embassies of their intent. Two thousand people took part in what was planned to be a peaceful march from the Armenian quarters of the city to the Bab Ali (the Sublime Porte). They once again demanded civil liberties, reform in the Armenian provinces and a European governor for these provinces, the right of the Armenians to join the police force and to bear arms,and the denunciation of the 1894 Sasun massacres. Again the police intercepted the protest and arrested its leaders. But this time the outcome was much bloodier. For three days Constantinople witnessed an anti-Armenian pogrom in which hundreds were killed by Muslim theological students with the assistance or acquiescence of the police. Dashnaks did not agree with the method of mass protests and concentrated their efforts on guerrilla activities in the provinces and terrorist attacks in the cities. The most daring—and therefore celebrated—example of their attempts to ‘shock the Europeans into action’ was their takeover of Banque Ottomane, the central bank of the empire, which was administered by the French. Twenty-six ARF commandos stormed the building, held its staff and wealth hostage,and threatened to blow it up if their demands were not met within forty-eight hours.These included the appointment of European commissioners to preside over the Armenian provinces, police forces that included Armenians, judicial, tax and land reforms, and the usual civil liberties of freedom of press, assembly, speech etc. Instead of reforms the surviving commandos only received safe passage out of the empire (to France)—negotiated by the Russian Revolutionary Parties and Genocide dragoman Maximov—and promises of future European support. In the two days after the incident 6,000 Armenians were killed in yet another pogrom in Constantinople. The ARF also decided to assassinate Sultan Abdul Hamid II. An attempt was made in July 1905, but the Sultan survived the massive bomb explosion by a fluke.Months earlier,in March,during the preparation of the bomb in Bulgaria, Kristapor Mikayelian, the foremost leader of the ARF, had died from an accidental detonation.}}}}<ref name="Whitehorn">{{книга

 

=== В годы Второй мировой войны ===

|автор = Синицын Ф. Л.

|часть =

Накануне парламентских выборов 2005 года новый блок был уверен в победе, которая дала бы возможность их представителю занять пост премьер—министра. Однако блок получил лишь 3 мандата, в то время как «Союз Демократического Арцаха» — 12 мест, а совершенно новая партия [[Свободная Родина|«Свободная Родина»]] — десять. Перед президентскими выборами 2007 года блок неожиданно заявил о своей поддержке [[Саакян, Бако Саакович|Бако Саакяна]] — кандидата от «Свободной Родины», который и победил на выборах{{sfn|Matsuzato|November 2008|с=104—106}}.

 

 

== Деятельность в Ливане ==