Психоанализ: различия между версиями

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'''Психоана́лиз''' ({{lang-de|Psychoanalyse}}) — [[психология|психологическая]] теория, разработанная в конце [[XIX век|XIX]] — начале [[XX век]]а австрийским [[невролог]]ом [[Фрейд, Зигмунд|Зигмундом Фрейдом]], а также чрезвычайно влиятельный метод лечения [[Психическое расстройство|психических расстройств]], основанный на этой теории<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/481586/psychoanalysis Psychoanalysis] // [[Encyclopædia Britannica]].</ref>.
 
Психоанализ является спорной дисциплиной и его действительность как науку оспаривается. Тем не менее, он остается и сильно влияет в психиатрии, в некоторых кругах{{efn|''Kaplan and Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry'', 2007: "Psychoanalysis has existed before the turn of the 20th century and, in that span of years, has established itself as one of the fundamental disciplines within psychiatry. The science of psychoanalysis is the bedrock of psychodynamic understanding and forms the fundamental theoretical frame of reference for a variety of forms of therapeutic intervention, embracing not only psychoanalysis itself but also various forms of psychoanalytically oriented psychotherapy and related forms of therapy using psychodynamic concepts." <ref>Sadock, Benjamin J. and Sadock, Virginia A. ''Kaplan and Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry''. 10th ed., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2007, 190.</ref>}}{{efn|[[Robert Michels (physician)|Robert Michels]], 2009: "Psychoanalysis continues to be an important paradigm organizing the way many psychiatrists think about patients and treatment. However, its limitations are more widely recognized and it is assumed that many important advances in the future will come from other areas, particularly biologic psychiatry. As yet unresolved is the appropriate role of psychoanalytic thinking in organizing the treatment of patients and the training of psychiatrists after that biologic revolution has born fruit. Will treatments aimed at biologic defects or abnormalities become technical steps in a program organized in a psychoanalytic framework? Will psychoanalysis serve to explain and guide supportive intervention for individuals whose lives are deformed by biologic defect and therapeutic interventions, much as it now does for patients with chronic physical illness, with the psychoanalyst on the psychiatric dialysis program? Or will we look back on the role of psychoanalysis in the treatment of the seriously mentally ill as the last and most scientifically enlightened phase of the humanistic tradition in psychiatry, a tradition that became extinct when advances in biology allowed us to cure those we had so long only comforted?"<ref>Robert Michels (physician). [https://web.archive.org/web/20090606094737/http://americanmentalhealthfoundation.org/a.php?id=24 "Psychoanalysis and Psychiatry: A Changing Relationship"], American Mental Health Foundation, archived 6 June 2009.</ref>}}. Доля практиков психоанализа Фрейда снизилась, поскольку [[доказательная медицина]] расширила использование [[Когнитивно-поведенческая психотерапия|когнитивно-поведенческой терапии]]<ref>[https://www.npr.org/programs/invisibilia/375927143/the-secret-history-of-thoughts Invisibilia - The Secret History Of Thoughts]</ref>.
 
Основные положения психоанализа заключаются в следующем:
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== Примечания ==
{{примечания|2}}
<references group="lower-alpha"/>
 
== Литература ==
* ''Ребер, Артур.'' Большой толковый психологический словарь : пер. с англ. — Москва : Вече, АСТ, 2000. — ISBN 5-7838-0606-4.