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'''Старинный университет''', {{lang-en|Ancient university}} is a term used to describe seven [[medieval universities|medieval]] and renaissance [[university|universities]] of [[England]], [[Scotland]] and [[Ireland]] that have continued to exist<ref>http://ukinusa.fco.gov.uk/en/newsroom/?view=News&id=5586301</ref>. Six of those universities are currently located in the [[United Kingdom]] and one in [[Republic of Ireland]]. The ancient universities in the British Isles are amongst the [[List of oldest universities in continuous operation|oldest extant universities in the world]].
== Universities ==
The ancient universities in England, Scotland and Ireland are, in order of formation:
{| class="wikitable"
! Year !! Contemporary location !! Current location !! Name !! Notes
The more recent [[Red Brick universities]] of the later 19th century followed were soon to follow. Thereafter a number of [[New Universities]] were formed in the late 20th century, many from the conversion of [[Polytechnics|Polytechnical colleges]].
=== Anomalies ===
==== University of Aberdeen ====
The University of Aberdeen is considered an ancient university and was formed by a union, in 1860, of [[King's College, Aberdeen|King’s College]] (formally ''the University and King’s College of Aberdeen''), founded in 1495, and [[Marischal College]] (formally ''Marischal College and University of Aberdeen''), founded in 1593. While both institutions were universities and would be considered ancient in their own right, the [[Ancient university governance in Scotland|Universities (Scotland) Act 1858]] provided for an ancient form of governance and that:
{{quote|the said united University shall take rank among the Universities of Scotland as from the date of erection of King’s College and University, viz., the year one thousand four hundred and ninety-four}}
It should be noted that [[Aberdeen]] was highly unusual at the time for having two universities in one city. As 20th century University of Aberdeen prospectuses observed, this was the same number as existed in all of [[England]] at the time.
==== University of Dundee ====
The [[University of Dundee]] was established as an independent university by [[Royal Charter]] in 1967, but has a long history going back well into the 19th century, being founded as an independent [[University college]] in 1881. For most of its existence, Dundee formed a fully incorporated [[collegiate universities|college]] of the [[University of St Andrews]], known as University College Dundee and Queen’s College at various periods.
Dundee shares all [[ancient university governance in Scotland|organisational features in common with the other ancient universities of Scotland]] by virtue of its descent through St Andrews, such as awarding the undergraduate MA degree and electing a Rector. Upon attaining its independence, Dundee also gained a number of significant schools from its parent university, including law, dentistry and the main medical school.
As a result, the [[University of Dundee]] is usually considered alongside the ancient universities, particularly those in a Scottish context.
=== Undergraduate Master of Arts degree ===
{{Main|Master of Arts (Scotland)|Master of Arts (Oxbridge and Dublin)}}
The ancient universities are distinctive in offering the [[Magister Artium]]/Master of Arts (M.A.) as an undergraduate [[academic degree]]. This is commonly known as the '''Oxbridge MA''', the '''Scottish MA'''.
The ancient M.A. has some differences between the ancient universities in Scotland and the ancient universities in England. The former award the degree at graduation with honours and a final mark, however the latter is awarded without honours and on the basis of a period of good standing as a graduated [[Bachelor of Arts]], usually around three years.
Because MA is in use for the undergraduate Arts degree, the ancient universities award differing titles for their postgraduate Masters degrees in the Arts and Humanities such as the taught Master of Letters («MLitt (T)»). Some confusion can arise between whether such degrees are taught degrees or the most established (and advanced) two year research degrees, although this is often specified.
=== Universities (Scotland) Acts ===
: ''Main article: [[Ancient university governance in Scotland]]''
As mentioned above, the Universities (Scotland) Acts created a distinctive system of governance for the ancient universities in Scotland, the process beginning with the 1858 Act and ending with the 1966 Act. Despite not being founded until the after the first in these series of Acts, the [[University of Dundee]] shares all the features contained therein.
As a result of these Acts, each of these universities is [[governance|governed]] by a tripartite system of [[General Council (Scottish university)|General Council]], [[University Court]], and [[Academic Senate]].
The [[chief executive]] and [[academic|chief academic]] is the [[University Principal]] who also holds the title of [[Vice-Chancellor]] as an [[honorific]]. The [[Chancellor (education)|Chancellor]] is a [[Titular ruler|titular]] non-resident head to each university and is elected for life by the respective General Council, although in actuality a good number of Chancellors resign before the end of their 'term of office'.
Each also has a [[Students' Representative Council#Scotland|Students' Representative Council]] as required by [[statute]], although at the University of Aberdeen this has recently been renamed the ''Students' Association Council''.<ref>{{cite web|title=University of Aberdeen Students' Association Constitution| url=http://www.ausa.org.uk/about/constitution| accessdate=2007-04-21}}</ref>
== См. также ==
* [[ :en:Medieval university]] ▼* [[List of oldest universities in continuous operation]]
▲* [[Medieval university]]
* [[Университеты из красного кирпича]]
* [[Университеты из листового стекла]]
* [[Новые университеты]]
* [[:en:Taxila]]
== Примечания ==
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