Камбоджи: различия между версиями

TheirЦарство [[Kambojaкамбоджей Kingdom]]sрасполагалось wereна locatedсеверо-востоке beyondсовременного [[GandharaАфганистан]]а in the easternи orграничило northernс [[AfghanistanГандхара|Гандхарой]].<ref>Encyclopaedia Indica, «The Kambojas: Land and its Identification», First Edition, 1998 New Delhi, page 528</ref> (see [[Kamboja Location]]). Some scholars describe the ancient Kambojas as a section of the [[Indo-Aryans]],<ref>Some Ksatriya Tribes of Ancient India, 1924, p 231-32, B. C. Law; Indological Studies, 1950, p 7, B. C. Law</ref><ref>Mishra 1987, p. 91</ref><ref>Original Sanskrit Texts on the Origin and History of the People of India, 1874, p 356, (ed) John Muir; see also: Journal, 1848, p 15, Royal Asiatic Society of Bengal, Asiatic Society of Bengal; The History and Culture of the Indian People, 1962, p 264, Ramesh Chandra Majumdar, Achut Dattatrya Pusalker, A. K. Majumdar, Dilip Kumar Ghose, Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, Vishvanath Govind Dighe</ref><ref name="Kāmboja and Śāstrī 1981">Kāmboja and Śāstrī 1981</ref><ref>Political History of Ancient India, 1996, p 132—135, H. C. Raychaudhuri, B. N. Mukerjee, University of Calcutta.</ref> few others style them as probably [[Indo-Iranians]],<ref>D. D. Kosambi Commemoration Volume, 1977, p 287, Damodar Dharmanand Kosambi, Lallanji Gopal, Jai Prakash Singh, Nisar Ahmed, Dipak Malik; B.C. Law Volume, 1945, p 601, Indian Research Institute, Devadatta Ramakrishna Bhandarkar, Indian Research Institute.</ref> while some, following Vedic Index of Keith and Macdonnel, regard them as having both Indian as well as Iranian affinities.<ref name="See p 138">See: Vedic Index of names & subjects by Arthur Anthony Macdonnel, Arthur. B Keath, I.84, p 138.</ref><ref name="Refs 1970, p 107">See more Refs: Ethnology of Ancient Bhārata, 1970, p 107, Ram Chandra Jain; The Journal of Asian Studies, 1956, p 384, Association for Asian Studies, Far Eastern Association (U.S.)</ref><ref name="Marrī 1989, p. 2">Marrī 1989, p. 2</ref><ref>India as Known to Pāṇini: A Study of the Cultural Material in the Ashṭādhyāyī, 1953, p 49, Vasudeva Sharana Agrawala; Afghanistan, p 58, W. K. Fraser, M. C. Gillet; Afghanistan, its People, its Society, its Culture, Donal N. Wilber, 1962, p 80, 311; Cf: D. D. Kosambi Commemoration Volume, 1977, p 287, Damodar Dharmanand Kosambi, Lallanji Gopal, Jai Prakash Singh, Nisar Ahmed, Dipak Malik etc.</ref> However, most scholars now agree that the Kambojas were [[Ancient Iranian peoples|Iranians]],<ref>Das Volk Der Kamboja bei Yaska, First Series of [[Avesta]], Pahlavi and Ancient [[Persian empire|Persian]] Studies in honour of the late Shams-ul-ulama Dastur Peshotanji Behramji Sanjana, Strassberg & Leipzig, 1904, pp 213 ff, Ernst Kuhn; The Language of the Kambojas, Journal of Royal Asiatic Society 1911, pp 801-02; Journal of Royal Asiatic Society, 1912, p 256; Purana, Vol V, No 2, July 1963, p 256, D. C. Sircar; Journal Asiatique, CCXLVI 1958, I, pp 47-48, E. Benveniste; Early Eastern Iran and the Atharvaveda, Persica-9, 1980, fn 81, p 114, Michael Witzel; The Afghans (Peoples of Asia), 2001, p 127, also Index, W. J. Vogelsang and Willem Vogelsang; Also Fraser 1979; History of lndia, Vol. I, R. Thapar 1961/1997: p 276; A History of Zoroastrianism, 1975, p 129, Mary Boyce, Frantz Grenet</ref><ref>Frye 1984, p. 154</ref><ref>Geographical and Economic Studies in the Mahābhārata: Upāyana Parva, 1945, p 34, Moti Chandra — India; The Achaemenids in India, 1950, p 27, Sudhakar Chattopadhyaya; Indo-iranica, 1946, p iii, Iran Society (Calcutta, India)</ref> cognate with the [[Indo-Scythians]]. Kambojas are also described by scholars as being a ''Royal Clan'' of the [[Sakas]] or [[Scythians]].<ref>Ref: La vieille route de l’Inde de Bactres à Taxila, p 271, Alfred A. Foucher.</ref><ref>In Huet 2008 «Kamboja» is more precisely defined as «Clan royal Kamboja des Śakās» (Kamboja, a royal clan of the Sakas)</ref><ref name="Aśoka 1964, p 17">See ref: A bilingual Graeco-Aramaic edict by Aśoka: the first Greek inscription discovered in Afghanistan, 1964, p 17, Giovanni Pugliese Carratelli, Giovanni Garbini — Aśoka, India, Published by Istituto italiano per il medio ed estremo Oriente, 1964</ref><ref>Thion 1993, p. 51</ref><ref>Walker and Tapp 2001</ref>.<ref>Cf: Indian Culture, 1934, p 193, Indian Research Institute — India; cf: Notes on Indo-Scythian chronology, Journal of Indian History, xii, 21; Corpus Inscrioptionum Indicarum, Vol II, Part I, pp xxxvi, 36, S. Konow; Cf: History of Indian Administration, p 94, B. N. Puri.</ref><ref>IMPORTANT NOTE: Indian [[Indian epic poetry|Epic]] [[Mahabharata]] (See: Mahabharata 5.19.21-23; See also: The Nations of India at the Battle Between the Pandavas and Kauravas, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, 1908, pp 313, 331, F. E. Pargiter, Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland) states that Kamboja ruler Sudakshin Kamboj had marshaled and lead an Akshuni army of wrathful warriors which besides the Kambojas, also comprised a strong contingent from the Sakas (or Scythians). This fact clearly proves that the Sakas, in general, were subservient to the Kamboja ruler Sudakshina Kamboj and that Sudakshina’s clan was ruling over the Sakas. Thus from epic evidence also, the Kambojas were indeed a royal or ruling Scythian clan and the Scythians had formed an indispensable part of the Kamboja army. Furthermore, the [[Mathura Lion Capital|Mathura Lion Capital Inscriptions]] also connect yuvaraja [[Kharaosta Kamuia]] (Kamboja) and his daughter [[Aiyasi Kamuia]] (Kamboja), chief queen of the Scythian Mahakshatrapa Rajuvula, to the imperial house ruling in Taxila (See: Kharoshṭhī Inscriptions, Edition 1991, p 36, Sten Konow)</ref> This also seems to be confirmed from [[Mathura Lion Capital|Mathura Lion Capital Inscriptions]] of Mahaksatrapa Rajuvula and the Rock Edict XIII of King [[Asoka|Aśoka]]<ref name="Aśoka 1964, p 17"/><ref>See Rock Edict 13, 30 (see Bloch).</ref>