Visual kei: различия между версиями

{{нихонго|'''Visual kei'''|ヴィジュアル系|Видзюару кэй|«визуальный стиль», «'''Визуал-кэй'''»}} — жанр японской музыки, возникший на базе [[J-Rock|J-Rock’а]]<ref name="key-into">{{cite book | last = Heinrich | first = Sally | title = Key Into Japan | year = 2006 | publisher = Curriculum Corporation | isbn = 1863667725 | pages = 80 }}</ref><ref name="ink">{{cite book | last = Yun | first = Josephine | title = jrock, ink.: a concise report on 40 of the biggest rock acts in Japan | year = 2005 | publisher = Stone Bridge Press | isbn = 1880656957}}</ref> в результате смешения его с [[глэм-рок]]ом, [[метал]]ом и [[панк-рок]]ом в 1980-х годах.<ref name="carillion">{{статья|автор=Arulvarathan, Subha.|заглавие=For those about to J-Rock |ссылка=http://www.carillon.uregina.ca/03.09.06/arts6.html|издательство=The Carillon|место=[[University of Regina]] |год=2006|выпуск=48|том=20}}</ref><ref name="grammycom">{{cite web|url=http://www2.grammy.com/Latin/News/Default.aspx?newsID=2278&newsCategoryID=3|title=Kabuki Rock |last=Reesman|first=Bryan.|date=30 ноября 2006 года|publisher=Grammy.com|lang=en|accessdate=2010-04-01}}</ref><ref name="UCLA-APA">a fleeting genre known to fans as «Visual Kei» (aka «Visual Rock»). Nonetheless, this fusion of metal, punk and gothic aesthetics ignited at least two generations of followers with its shocking visual appeal" X [Japan]: Reliving the Height of Japan’s Superlative Visual Rock Band, By Minnie Chi, [http://www.asiaarts.ucla.edu/article.asp?parentid=7936 Asia Pacific Arts, bi-weekly web magazine, UCLA Asia Institute]</ref><ref name="Weekly Wire">{{cite web|url=http://weeklywire.com/ww/11-02-98/fw_music.html|title=Get ready America; Japan's J-Pop phenomenon has all eyes facing east.|last=Gibson|first=Dave.|date=2 ноября 1998 года|publisher=[[Weekly Wire]]|lang=en|accessdate=2010-04-01|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/64wzN8E82|archivedate=2012-01-25}}</ref>. Visual kei буквально означает «визуальный стиль». Так называется направление в японской рок-музыке, выделяющееся использованием макияжа, сложных причёсок, ярких костюмов и часто [[андрогинность|андрогинной]] эстетики<ref name="nytimes_matsumoto">

[[X Japan]], [[Buck-Tick]], [[Luna Sea]], [[Malice Mizer]] и другие, большое влияние на которые оказали западные [[глэм-рок]]-группы, прежде всего [[Kiss]] и [[Guns and Roses]].<ref name="bounce">Dejima, Kōji (出嶌 孝次) [http://www.bounce.com/article/article.php/3419/ Bounce ''Di(s)ctionary Number 13 — Visual Kei''] Retrieved September 12, 2007 (Japanese)</ref>. Суть стиля visual kei состоит в том, чтобы донести часть души и своего таланта не только через музыку, но и через внешний вид: музыка и внешний вид объединяются и несут общий смысл, шокируя и привлекая таким образом слушателей. Центральное место в эстетике Visual kei занимает [[андрогин]]ный идеал человека<ref name="grammycom"/><ref name="nytimes_matsumoto">

</ref>. С точки зрения японца, женственный мужчина, пользующийся макияжем, не [[гомосексуальность|гей]], а как раз наоборот — дамский угодник<ref name="encycle">{{cite book | last = Buckley | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = Encyclopedia of Contemporary Japanese Culture | publisher = Taylor & Francis | date = 2002 | location = | pages = 188, 522, 553 | url = | doi = | id = | isbn = 0415143446 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Tan|first=Caroline S.L.|date=2008|title=Of Senses and Men’s Cosmetics: Sensory Branding in Men’s Cosmetics in Japan|journal=European Journal of Social Sciences|volume=6|issue=1|pages=7–25|url=http://www.eurojournals.com/ejss_6_1.pdf}}</ref>. Вокруг visual kei сформировалась субкультура, движущей силой которой явилось ядро фанаток групп этого направления, использовавших имидж любимых музыкантов: в большинстве своём — мужчин, которые, в свою очередь, использовали женские макияж и одежду.<ref name="amg_dir_en_grey">

</ref><ref name="LATimes-Pop">"Since it formed in the mid-1980s, X Japan went from playing loud, fast thrash-metal to stadium-shaking pop ballads, in the process pioneering its own genre, a Japanese equivalent of glam rock known as ''visual kei.'' For visual kei bands, outrageous, usually androgynous looks — gobs of makeup, hair dyed and sprayed in ways that made Mohawks look conservative, and a small fortune spent on leather and jewelry — were as important as music (or, in many cases after X, more important than music). " THE POP LIFE; End of a Life, End of an Era, By NEIL STRAUSS [http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D00EFD7103DF93BA25755C0A96E958260&sec=health&spon=&pagewanted=all New York Times, June 18, 1998]</ref><ref name="bigtakeover">«a representative slice of Japanese rock music as a whole. It’s a very diverse genre and, of course, Japan also now has its own sub-genre called 'Visual kei … 'Visual Kei' literally means 'visual style.' It’s a style of dress, there’s a lot of costuming and make up and it’s uniquely Japanese because it goes back to ancient Japan. Men would often wear women’s clothing; I guess if they were here today they would be the underground kind of independent anarchist type people who spend their time in coffee houses thinking radical thoughts for that time.» — JAPANESE ROCK ON NPR, by Kristen Sollee [http://www.bigtakeover.com/news/japanese-rock-on-npr The Big Takeover online music magazine, 25 June 2006]</ref><ref name="fashionlines">«Most GothLolis cite that they are merely imitating their favorite bands from the visual rock genre, known as 'Visual Kei'. Although it seems a reference to Vladimir Nabokov’s scandalous Lolita, many Gothlolis will tell you that books (other than manga, Japanese comics, which are also at the heart of the scene) and art are not a part of their inspiration. Music is a major force in its creation. Visual Kei is exactly as it sounds: Rock music that incorporates visual effects and elaborate costumes to heighten the experience of the music and the show. Visual Kei started in the 80s and became so popular by the 90s that the nearly all-female fan base started dressing up as their favorite band members (known as 'cosplay') who were often males that wore make-up, crazy hair, and dressed androgynously or as females (usually, the more feminine the rocker, the more fans rush to emulate them).» Pretty Babies: Japan’s Undying Gothic Lolita Phenomenon, by Chako Suzuki, [http://www.fashionlines.com/2007/jan/fashionPrettyBabies.php fashionlines.com e-magazine, January, 2007]</ref>.