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Арагонский крестовый поход: различия между версиями

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{{Infobox Military Conflict
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'''Арагонский крестовый поход''' часть [[Война Сицилийской вечерни|Войны Сицилийской вечерни]], провозглашённой папой [[Мартин IV|Мартином IV]] против [[королевство Арагон|королевства Арагон]], [[Педро III (король Арагона)|Педро III]], в 1284 и 1285 годах. <!-- В связи с недавним завоеванием [[Сицилия|Сицилии]] королём Арагона, папа призвал к крестовому походу против него и officially deposed him as king, on the grounds that Sicily was a papal fief: Peter'sPeter’s grandfather and namesake, [[Педро II (король Арагона)|Педро II]], had surrendered the kingdom as a fief to the [[Holy See]]. Martin bestowed it on [[Карл Валуа]], [[Count of Valois]], son of the [[King of France|French king]], [[Филипп III Смелый|Филипп III]], and nephew of Peter III.
 
The conflict quickly became a kind of civil war, as Peter'sPeter’s brother, King [[James II of Majorca]], joined the French. James had also inherited the [[County of Roussillon]] and thus stood between the dominions of the French and Aragonese monarchs. Peter had opposed James' inheritance as a younger son and reaped the consequence of such rivalry in the crusade.
 
In 1284, the first French armies under Philip and Charles entered Roussillon. They included 16,000 cavalry, 17,000 crossbowmen, and 100,000 infantry, along with 100 ships in south French ports. Though they had James' support, the local populace rose against them. The city of [[Elne]] was valiantly defended by the so-called ''Bâtard de Roussillon'' (Bastard of Roussillon), the illegitimate son of [[Nuño Sánchez]], late count of Roussillon (1212–12421212—1242). Eventually he was overcome and the cathedral was burnt, despite the presence of [[papal legate]]s, while the population was massacred, all save the ''Bâtard''. He succeeded in negotiating his surrender and accompanied the advancing royal forces as a prisoner.
 
In 1285, Philip the Bold entrenched himself before [[Girona]] in an attempt to besiege it. The resistance was strong, but the city was taken. Charles was crowned there, but without an actual crown. On 28 April, Cardinal [[Jean Cholet]] placed his own hat on the count'scount’s head. For this, Charles was derisively but not unaffectionately nicknamed ''roi du chapeau'' ("«king of the hat"»).
 
[[Файл:Арагонский крестовый поход.png|thumb|Карта военных действий]]
 
The French soon experienced a reversal, however, at the hands of Peter III'sIII’s admiral, [[Roger de Lauria]]. The French fleet was defeated and destroyed at the [[Battle of Les Formigues]]. As well, the French camp was hit hard by an epidemic of [[dysentery]]. Philip himself was afflicted. The heir to the French throne, [[Philip IV of France|Philip]], opened negotiations with Peter for free passage for the royal family through the [[Pyrenees]]. But the troops were not offered such passage and were decimated at the [[Battle of the Col de Panissars]]. The king of France himself died at [[Perpignan]], the capital of James of Majorca, and was buried in [[Narbonne]]. Peter did not long survive him.
 
Historian H. J. Chaytor described the Aragonese Crusade as "perhaps the most unjust, unnecessary and calamitous enterprise ever undertaken by the Capetian monarchy." W. C. Jordan has blamed it for the attitude the young Philip took towards papal interference in French foreign policy upon his succession: a view with long-reaching consequences for Europe. The crusade's legacy to France was slight, but Majorca was devastated as an independent polity. Peter's son [[Alfonso III of Aragon|Alfonso III]] annexed Majorca, [[Ibiza]], and [[Minorca]] in the following years. In 1295, the [[Treaty of Anagni]] returned the islands to James and the [[Treaty of Tarascon]] of 1291 officially restored Aragon to Alfonso and lifted the ban of the church.▼
 
▲Historian H. J. Chaytor described the Aragonese Crusade as "«perhaps the most unjust, unnecessary and calamitous enterprise ever undertaken by the Capetian monarchy."» W. C. Jordan has blamed it for the attitude the young Philip took towards papal interference in French foreign policy upon his succession: a view with long-reaching consequences for Europe. The crusade'scrusade’s legacy to France was slight, but Majorca was devastated as an independent polity. Peter'sPeter’s son [[Alfonso III of Aragon|Alfonso III]] annexed Majorca, [[Ibiza]], and [[Minorca]] in the following years. In 1295, the [[Treaty of Anagni]] returned the islands to James and the [[Treaty of Tarascon]] of 1291 officially restored Aragon to Alfonso and lifted the ban of the church.
-->
== Литература ==
* Chaytor, H. J. ''[http://libro.uca.edu/chaytor/achistory.htm A History of Aragon and Catalonia]''. London: Methuen, 1933.
Источник — https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Арагонский_крестовый_поход