Глиобластома: различия между версиями

По неизвестным причинам глиобластома встречается чаще у мужчин<ref>{{cite journal |pmid=15977639 |year=2005 |last1=Ohgaki |first1=Hiroko |last2=Kleihues |first2=Paul |title=Population-Based Studies on Incidence, Survival Rates, and Genetic Alterations in Astrocytic and Oligodendroglial Gliomas |volume=64 |issue=6 |pages=479–89 |journal=Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology |url=http://meta.wkhealth.com/pt/pt-core/template-journal/lwwgateway/media/landingpage.htm?issn=0022-3069&volume=64&issue=6&spage=479}}</ref>. Большинство случаев глиобластомы носят спорадический характер, без генетической предрасположенности. Не установлена связь между глиобластомой и курением<ref>{{cite journal |pmid=11319186 |year=2001 |last1=Zheng |first1=Tongzhang |last2=Cantor |first2=Kenneth P. |last3=Zhang |first3=Yawei |last4=Chiu |first4=Brian C. H. |last5=Lynch |first5=Charles F. |title=Risk of Brain Glioma not Associated with Cigarette Smoking or Use of Other Tobacco Products in Iowa |volume=10 |issue=4 |pages=413–4 |journal=Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention |url=http://cebp.aacrjournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=11319186}}</ref>, потреблением консервированного мяса<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1615/JEnvPathToxOncol.v22.i2.60 |title=Dietary Cured Meat and the Risk of Adult Glioma: A Meta-Analysis of Nine Observational Studies |year=2003 |last1=Wheeler |first1=Lamar |last2=Huncharek |first2=Michael |last3=Kupelnick |first3=Bruce |journal=Journal of Environmental Pathology, Toxicology and Oncology |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=129–37 |pmid=14533876}}</ref>, или воздействием электромагнитного поля<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1097/00001648-199807000-00009 |title=Magnetic Field Exposure and Neurodegenerative Disease Mortality among Electric Utility Workers |year=1998 |last1=Savitz |first1=David A. |last2=Checkoway |first2=Harvey |last3=Loomis |first3=Dana P. |journal=Epidemiology |volume=9 |issue=4 |pages=398–404 |pmid=9647903}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1056/NEJM200101113440201 |title=Cellular-Telephone Use and Brain Tumors |year=2001 |last1=Inskip |first1=Peter D. |last2=Tarone |first2=Robert E. |last3=Hatch |first3=Elizabeth E. |last4=Wilcosky |first4=Timothy C. |last5=Shapiro |first5=William R. |last6=Selker |first6=Robert G. |last7=Fine |first7=Howard A. |last8=Black |first8=Peter M. |last9=Loeffler |first9=Jay S. |journal=New England Journal of Medicine |volume=344 |issue=2 |pages=79–86 |pmid=11150357}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1007/s11060-007-9432-1 |title=Cellular phone use and brain tumor: A meta-analysis |year=2007 |last1=Kan |first1=Peter |last2=Simonsen |first2=Sara E. |last3=Lyon |first3=Joseph L. |last4=Kestle |first4=John R. W. |journal=Journal of Neuro-Oncology |volume=86 |pages=71–8 |pmid=17619826 |issue=1}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.pathophys.2009.01.003 |title=Epidemiological evidence for an association between use of wireless phones and tumor diseases |year=2009 |last1=Hardell |first1=Lennart |last2=Carlberg |first2=Michael |last3=Hansson Mild |first3=Kjell |journal=Pathophysiology |volume=16 |issue=2–3 |pages=113–22 |pmid=19268551}}</ref>. Потребление алкоголя, возможно, является фактором риска<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1002/ijc.25770 |title=Alcohol consumption and risk of glioblastoma; evidence from the Melbourne collaborative cohort study |year=2011 |last1=Baglietto |first1=Laura |last2=Giles |first2=Graham G. |last3=English |first3=Dallas R. |last4=Karahalios |first4=Amalia |last5=Hopper |first5=John L. |last6=Severi |first6=Gianluca |journal=International Journal of Cancer |volume=128 |issue=8 |pages=1929}}</ref>. Заболеваемость глиобластомой связана с вирусами [[Вирус SV40|SV40]]<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/S0002-9343(03)00087-1 |title=Simian virus 40 in human cancers |year=2003 |last1=Vilchez |first1=Regis A |last2=Kozinetz |first2=Claudia A |last3=Arrington |first3=Amy S |last4=Madden |first4=Charles R |last5=Butel |first5=Janet S |journal=The American Journal of Medicine |volume=114 |issue=8 |pages=675–84 |pmid=12798456}}</ref>, [[ВГЧ-6]]<ref>{{cite journal |pmid=19505845 |year=2009 |last1=Crawford |first1=JR |last2=Santi |first2=MR |last3=Thorarinsdottir |first3=HK |last4=Cornelison |first4=R |last5=Rushing |first5=EJ |last6=Zhang |first6=H |last7=Yao |first7=K |last8=Jacobson |first8=S |last9=MacDonald |first9=TJ |title=Detection of human herpesvirus-6 variants in pediatric brain tumors: Association of viral antigen in low grade gliomas |volume=46 |issue=1 |pages=37–42 |doi=10.1016/j.jcv.2009.05.011 |pmc=2749001 |journal=Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1093/infdis/jis513 |title=Human Herpesvirus 6 Latent Infection in Patients with Glioma |year=2012 |last1=Chi |first1=J. |last2=Gu |first2=B. |last3=Zhang |first3=C. |last4=Peng |first4=G. |last5=Zhou |first5=F. |last6=Chen |first6=Y. |last7=Zhang |first7=G. |last8=Guo |first8=Y. |last9=Guo |first9=D. |journal=Journal of Infectious Diseases |volume=206 |issue=9 |pages=1394–8 |pmid=22962688}}</ref>, и [[цитомегаловирус]]ом<ref>[http://www.economist.com/science/displaystory.cfm?story_id=11449797 «Target acquired»], ''The Economist'', May 29th, 2008</ref>. Есть небольшая зависимость глиобластомы от ионизирующего излучения<ref>{{cite journal |pmid=10839286 |year=2000 |last1=Cavenee |first1=WK |title=High-grade gliomas with chromosome 1p loss |volume=92 |issue=6 |pages=1080–1 |journal=Journal of neurosurgery}}</ref>. Анализ 2006 года связывает эту опухоль головного мозга с воздействием свинца на рабочем месте<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1002/ijc.21947 |title=Brain cancer mortality and potential occupational exposure to lead: Findings from the National Longitudinal Mortality Study, 1979–1989 |year=2006 |last1=Van Wijngaarden |first1=Edwin |last2=Dosemeci |first2=Mustafa |journal=International Journal of Cancer |volume=119 |issue=5 |pages=1136–44 |pmid=16570286}}</ref>. Замечена связь случаев опухоли мозга и [[малярия|малярии]]. Предполагается, что малярийный комар, переносчик малярии, может передавать вирус или другой агент, который может увеличить риск глиобластомы<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.mehy.2009.07.005 |title=Anopheles mosquito transmission of brain tumor |year=2010 |last1=Lehrer |first1=Steven |journal=Medical Hypotheses |volume=74 |pages=167–8 |pmid=19656635 |issue=1}}</ref>.