Узун Хасан: различия между версиями

'''Ну́срат ад-Дин Абу Наср Узу́н-Хаса́н-хан''' ([[Туркменский язык|туркм]]. ''Uzyn Hasan,'' {{lang-az|اوزون حسن, Uzun Həsən/Həsən-bəy Bayandur}}<ref name="TI&CN">«On the hand, arabic presented a similar fragmented and complex articulated landscape: classical arabic was the equivalent of latin in the west, or to some extent of classical greec in the levant, and the Islamic world spoke and wrote either some modified and local version of Arabic, or some Anatolian language which used the Arabic alphabet ('''like azeri, that is the Turkish spoken by the Aq-Qoyunlu, or Ottoman turkish itself'''), not to mention the mellenary presence of Persian which was on its way to becoming a lingua franca in Central Asia.» Как на Западе использовали Латынь, а в Леванте греческий, так и в мусульманском мире, использовали локальные наречия арабского языка, или один из языков Анатолии, '''но с использованием арабского алфавита (к примеру азербайджанский или турецкий который использовали у себя Ак-коюнлу и в Османской империи)'''. [https://books.google.ru/books?id=7W2pBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA32&dq=like+azeri+Aq-Qoyunlu&hl=ru&sa=X&ei=S0TOVICTHeqqywOBnIFA&ved=0CBMQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=like%20azeri%20Aq-Qoyunlu&f=false Federico M. Federici, Dario Tessicini «Translators, Interpreters, and Cultural Negotiators»] стр.32 </ref>; {{ДатаРождения|||1423}}, [[Диярбакыр]]<ref name="Uzun Ḥasan"/> — {{ДатаСмерти|6|1|1478}}, [[Тебриз]]<ref name="Uzun Ḥasan"/>) — глава и правитель [[ТуркменыТуркоманы|туркменскойтуркоманской]] племенной конфедерации<ref name="Uzun Ḥasan"/><ref>V. Minorsky. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, Vol. 17, No. 3 (1955), pp. 449—462:"''There still remain many interesting and important problems connected with the emergence in the 14th century of the '''Turkman federations''' of the Qara-qoyunlu (780—874/1378-1469) '''and Aq-qoyunlu''' (780—908/1378-1502). The roots of the Persian risorgimento under the Safavids (1502—1722) go deep into this preparatory period.'' "</ref> [[Ак-Коюнлу]] и одноименного государства с [[1453]] по [[1478 год]], создавший недолговечную империю, в состав которой входили территории [[Иран]]а, [[Ирак]]а, восточной [[Анатолия|Анатолии]]<ref name="Uzun Ḥasan"/>, [[Армения|Армении]]<ref name="Кембридж">The New Cambridge Medieval History, Vol. 7. Cambridge University Press, 2008. Стр. 826: {{oq|en|Between 1463 and 1479 Mehemmed II fought against the Venetians, who fiercely defended their possessions in the Morea and in Albania, but lost the island of Euboia (Negroponte). He also fought against the Genoese, and expelled them from their possessions in the Crimea (1475). Finally, in 1480, he despatched an army which landed in southern Italy and occupied Otranto. On the other side, in Anatolia, he put an end to the emirate of Karaman (1475). His great foe in the east was Uzun-Hasan, the lord of the Akkoyunlu, who ruled over '''Persia, Mesopotamia and Armenia'''. Uzun-Hasan controlled important parts of the caravan routes connecting central Asia with Anatolia and possessed focal points of trade, such as the town of Erzindjan. Therefore, serious conflict of interests existed between him and the Ottoman sultan. Furthermore, the Akkoyunlu lord became more dangerous by establishing good relations with the pope and the Venetians. He was finally badly defeated by the Ottomans at Otluk Beli in 1473.}}</ref><ref name="Uzun Ḥasan"/> и [[Азербайджан]]а<ref name="Uzun Ḥasan"/>.