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Подлинная Ирландская республиканская армия: различия между версиями

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=== 2007–2011 ===
{{planned}}▼
[[Файл:Bogside (21), August 2009.JPG|thumb|200px|Граффити в поддержку Подлинной ИРА в Богсайде (Дерри)]]
8 ноября 2007 года в Дерри на Бишоп-стрит было совершено вооружённое нападение на офицера полиции боевиками ИРА: пока он садился в машину, в него выстрелили несколько раз, пули задели лицо и руку<ref name="BBC-PSNI-1211">{{cite news |title= Policeman injured in gun attack |url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/northern_ireland/7091544.stm |work= BBC News |date= 12 November 2007 |accessdate=12 November 2007 }}</ref>. 12 ноября в Данганноне (графство Тирон) было совершено покушение на другого полицейского<ref name="BBC-PSNI-1211"/><ref>{{cite web | title = Real IRA admits shooting officer | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/northern_ireland/7095156.stm | publisher = BBC | date = 14 November 2007 | accessdate = 14 November 2007}}</ref>. 7 февраля 2008 года Подлинная ИРА заявила, что возвращается к активным действиям и будет искать «законные цели»<ref name="resumption">{{cite web | title = Mackey slams Provos as RIRA vows resumption of violence | author = Adrian Mullan | url = http://www.nwipp-newspapers.com/UH/free/349259728115496.php | publisher = ''[[Ulster Herald]]'' | date = 7 February 2008 | accessdate = 29 July 2010 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080616191412/http://www.nwipp-newspapers.com/UH/free/349259728115496.php |archivedate = 16 June 2008}}</ref>. Организация, хотя выразила раскаяние за совершённый теракт в Оме<ref name="apology">{{cite web | title = Real IRA apologises for Omagh bomb | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/events/northern_ireland/focus/153629.stm | publisher = BBC | date = 18 August 1998 | accessdate = 29 July 2010}}</ref>, заявила, что не была собственно связана с организаторами теракта<ref name="resumption"/>. 12 мая в графстве Тирон в Спамаунте ещё одна заложенная повстанцами бомба взорвалась в машине, был тяжело ранен полицейский<ref>{{cite web | title = Officer hurt by booby-trap bomb | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/northern_ireland/7397420.stm | publisher = BBC | date = 13 May 2008 | accessdate = 22 May 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Murder bid admitted by Real IRA |author=Diana Rusk |url=http://www.irishnews.com/appnews/540/5860/2008/5/16/587806_345515892637Murderbid.html |publisher=''[[The Irish News]]'' |date=16 May 2008 |accessdate=22 May 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090210101742/http://www.irishnews.com/appnews/540/5860/2008/5/16/587806_345515892637Murderbid.html |archivedate=10 February 2009 |df= }}</ref>. 25 сентября на окраине Дерри в Сент-Джонстоне был ранен выстрелом в шею человек<ref name="stj">{{cite news | title = Pipe-bomb target previously shot by RIRA | work = The Irish News | date = 29 October 2008}}</ref>, в доме которого через месяц взорвалась бомба. Повстанцы опровергли свою причастность к покушению, хотя спецслужбы говорили об обратном<ref name="stj"/>.
 
7 марта 2009 года около казарм Мэссерин [[перестрелка в казармах Мэссерин|было совершено вооружённое нападение на четырёх солдат]] Британской армии, которые ожидали курьера с пиццей. В результате перестрелки были убиты двое солдат, ранены были двое солдат и двое гражданских<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/northern_ireland/7931260.stm|title= How the barracks attack unfolded|date=8 March 2009|publisher=BBC|accessdate=8 March 2009}}</ref>. Ответственность взяла на себя Подлинная ИРА<ref>{{cite web | title = 'Real IRA was behind army attack' | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/northern_ireland/7930995.stm | publisher = BBC | date = 7 March 2009 | accessdate = 7 March 2009}}</ref>. 3 апреля в Дерри был застрелен мужчина, обвинявшийся в изнасиловании 15-летней девочки, и ответственность за его убийство также взяли ирландцы из ПИРА<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.londonderrysentinel.co.uk/news/Dissidents-claim-shooting.5138953.jp | title= Dissidents claim shooting | date=3 April 2009 |publisher= ''[[Londonderry Sentinel]]''}}</ref>. Их также обвинили в организации массовых беспорядков в Белфасте 13 июля 2009 года во время Марша Подмастерий Дерри: в драке пострадали несколько полицейских, также прозвучали несколько выстрелов<ref>{{cite news | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/northern_ireland/8148955.stm | title= Real IRA blamed for Belfast riots | date=14 July 2009 |publisher=BBC News}}</ref>. В начале ноября Независимая комиссия по мониторингу заявила, что Подлинная ИРА стала самой серьёзной угрозой стабильности в регионе со времён Белфастского соглашения<ref>{{cite news | url = https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5h7cseWGI0agG0RPjh5CBHQbWOyTAD9BONUPO0 | title= Report: IRA dissidents pose a threat to Northern Ireland | date=4 November 2009 | publisher=AP}}</ref>.
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On 7 March 2009 the RIRA claimed responsibility for the [[2009 Massereene Barracks shooting]].<ref>{{cite web | title = 'Real IRA was behind army attack' | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/northern_ireland/7930995.stm | publisher = BBC | date = 7 March 2009 | accessdate = 7 March 2009}}</ref> This shooting occurred outside the [[Massereene Barracks]] as four soldiers were receiving a pizza delivery. Two soldiers were killed, and the other two soldiers and two deliverymen were injured.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/northern_ireland/7931260.stm|title= How the barracks attack unfolded|date=8 March 2009|publisher=BBC|accessdate=8 March 2009}}</ref> On 3 April 2009 the RIRA in Derry claimed responsibility for carrying out a punishment shooting of a man who was awaiting sentencing for raping a 15-year-old girl.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.londonderrysentinel.co.uk/news/Dissidents-claim-shooting.5138953.jp | title= Dissidents claim shooting | date=3 April 2009 |publisher= ''[[Londonderry Sentinel]]''}}</ref> The RIRA were also blamed for orchestrating rioting in the Ardoyne area of Belfast on 13 July 2009 as an [[Apprentice Boys of Derry|Apprentice Boys]] parade was passing. Several PSNI officers were injured in the rioting and at least one shot was fired at police.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/northern_ireland/8148955.stm | title= Real IRA blamed for Belfast riots | date=14 July 2009 |publisher=BBC News}}</ref> In early November, the Independent Monitoring Commission released a report stating that the threat from the RIRA and other dissident republicans was at its most serious level since the 1998 Good Friday Agreement.<ref>{{cite news | url = https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5h7cseWGI0agG0RPjh5CBHQbWOyTAD9BONUPO0 | title= Report: IRA dissidents pose a threat to Northern Ireland | date=4 November 2009 | publisher=AP}}</ref>
 
В адрес «подлинных» были выдвинуты обвинения в сентябре 2010 года в убийстве наркоторговца Шона Винтерса в [[Портмарнок]]е<ref name="ryan"/>. 5 октября повстанцами был совершён ещё один теракт, когда в Дерри на Калмор-роуд рядом со зданием [[Ulster Bank]] взорвалась машина. Двое полицейских получили лёгкие ранения, здания гостиницы и нескольких предприятий были повреждены. За час до теракта в полицию поступили несколько телефонных предупреждений о заложенной бомбе<ref>{{cite web | title = Real IRA claims responsibility for Derry car bombing | url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-11477073 | publisher = BBC | date = 5 October 2010 | accessdate = 16 December 2011}}</ref>, а в телефонном разговоре с редакцией [[Derry Journal]] причастность «подлинных» была подтверждена<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/breaking/2010/1005/breaking1.html| title= Real IRA claims Derry bombing| date=10 May 2010 | publisher=IrishTimes.com}}</ref>. В октябре в [[Данлир]]е (графство Лаут) полиция Ирландии после обыска на выходных обнаружила очередной тайник с оружием и взрывчаткой, что привело к волне арестов на востоке страны. Специальный уголовный суд признал виновными двоих человек в сотрудничестве с Подлинной ИРА<ref name="dunl">{{cite web | url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1319767/IRA-explosives-dump-weapons-cache-County-Louth.html | title=IRA explosives dump and weapons cache found hidden near Irish border | publisher=Associated Newspapers | date=12 October 2010 | accessdate=5 October 2012}}</ref>, а сама организация взяла на себя ответственность за убийство одного из своих соратников, Кирана Дохерти, который занимался сбытом наркотиков<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-26315595 |title=Kieran Doherty: Appeal four years after Real IRA murder |publisher=BBC News |date=24 February 2014}}</ref>. В сентябре 2011 года в [[Кулок]]е от рук ИРА погиб лидер банды наркоторговцев Майкл Келли<ref name="ryan"/>.
When drug dealer Sean Winters was shot dead in [[Portmarnock]], north Dublin in September 2010, the Real IRA "emerged as the chief suspects". They were also suspected of shooting dead drugs gang leader Michael Kelly in [[Coolock]] in September 2011.<ref name="ryan"/>
 
FurtherВ significant2012—2013 seizuresгодах ofполицией theИрландии groupsбыло armsконфисковано andбольшое explosivesколичество wouldоружия beи make made by the Gardaí during 2012 and 2013взрывчатки, leadingчто toпомогло theарестовать arrestс ofдесяток over a dozen persons.человек<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thejournal.ie/dissident-republican-seizure-dublin-988889-Jul2013/ |title=Dissident arms seizure includes golden gun |publisher=The Journal |date=11 July 2013}}</ref>. В InЛитве в 2011 Michaelгоду под суд попал CampbellМайкл Кэмпбелл, brotherбрат ofЛиама LiamКэмпбелла, wasкоторый foundбыл guiltyарестован inв [[VilniusВильнюс]],е [[Lithuania]],при ofпопытке tryingсбыть toпартию purchase armsоружия andи explosivesвзрывчатки<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/8206384.stm|title=Vilnius 'Real IRA' trial to open|date=18 August 2009|accessdate=18 August 2009|publisher=[[BBC News]]}}</ref>. andЕго wasприговорили sentencedк to12 twelveгодам yearsтюрьмы, inно prison.после Inапелляции October 2013 Campbell was freedприговор onбыл appealотменён, onlyа toКэмпбелл haveоправдан. theВерховный [[Supremeсуд CourtЛитвы ofв Lithuania]] order a retrial in Juneиюне 2014. Campbellгода hasначал maintainedповторное hisрассмотрение innocenceдела, accusingи BritishКэмпбелл intelligenceобвинил ofбританские attemptingспецслужбы toв frameдавлении him.на судей<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2442039/Real-IRA-suspect-Michael-Campbell-freed-Lithuanian-jail.html |title=Real IRA suspect jailed after M15 sting in 2008 is freed from Lithuanian jail due to lack of direct evidence linking him to the terrorist group |publisher=Daily Mail |date=2 October 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thejournal.ie/michale-campbell-retrial-1539602-Jun2014/ |title=The Irishman accused of Real IRA gun-running in Lithuania is to face a retrial |publisher=Irish News |date=27 June 2014}}</ref>.▼
On 5 October 2010, a car bomb exploded outside a branch of the [[Ulster Bank]] on Culmore Road in [[Derry]]. Two police officers were slightly injured in the blast, which also damaged a hotel and other businesses. Several telephone warnings were received an hour prior to the blast allowing police to cordon off the area.<ref>{{cite web | title = Real IRA claims responsibility for Derry car bombing | url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-11477073 | publisher = BBC | date = 5 October 2010 | accessdate = 16 December 2011}}</ref> The RIRA later claimed responsibility in a telephone call to the ''[[Derry Journal]]''.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/breaking/2010/1005/breaking1.html| title= Real IRA claims Derry bombing| date=10 May 2010 | publisher=IrishTimes.com}}</ref>
 
A large Real IRA explosives dump and arms cache were discovered in [[Dunleer]], County Louth by Gardaí in October 2010, following a weekend of searches and arrests in the east of the country. In addition, two Real IRA men were charged in Dublin's non-jury Special Criminal Court of membership of an illegal organisation.<ref name="dunl">{{cite web | url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1319767/IRA-explosives-dump-weapons-cache-County-Louth.html | title=IRA explosives dump and weapons cache found hidden near Irish border | publisher=Associated Newspapers | date=12 October 2010 | accessdate=5 October 2012}}</ref> The Real IRA claimed responsibility for kidnapping and shooting dead of one of their members, Kieran Doherty, for alleged drug dealing.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-26315595 |title=Kieran Doherty: Appeal four years after Real IRA murder |publisher=BBC News |date=24 February 2014}}</ref>
 
▲Further significant seizures of the groups arms and explosives would be make made by the Gardaí during 2012 and 2013, leading to the arrest of over a dozen persons.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thejournal.ie/dissident-republican-seizure-dublin-988889-Jul2013/ |title=Dissident arms seizure includes golden gun |publisher=The Journal |date=11 July 2013}}</ref> In 2011 Michael Campbell, brother of Liam, was found guilty in [[Vilnius]], [[Lithuania]], of trying to purchase arms and explosives<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/8206384.stm|title=Vilnius 'Real IRA' trial to open|date=18 August 2009|accessdate=18 August 2009|publisher=[[BBC News]]}}</ref> and was sentenced to twelve years in prison. In October 2013 Campbell was freed on appeal, only to have the [[Supreme Court of Lithuania]] order a retrial in June 2014. Campbell has maintained his innocence, accusing British intelligence of attempting to frame him.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2442039/Real-IRA-suspect-Michael-Campbell-freed-Lithuanian-jail.html |title=Real IRA suspect jailed after M15 sting in 2008 is freed from Lithuanian jail due to lack of direct evidence linking him to the terrorist group |publisher=Daily Mail |date=2 October 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thejournal.ie/michale-campbell-retrial-1539602-Jun2014/ |title=The Irishman accused of Real IRA gun-running in Lithuania is to face a retrial |publisher=Irish News |date=27 June 2014}}</ref>
 
=== Новая Ирландская республиканская армия с 2012 года ===
▲{{planned}}
[[File:Rira-tag-derry-road-sign.jpg|thumb|200px|Real IRA graffiti on a road sign in Derry, 2012]]
[[Файл:Rira-tag-derry-road-sign.jpg|thumb|200px|Граффити в поддержку Подлинной ИРА на дорожном знаке в Дерри, 2012]]
On 26 Julyиюля 2012, it was reported thatгода [[RepublicanРеспубликанское Actionдействие Againstпротив Drugsнаркотиков]] (RAAD)и andещё otherряд smallреспубликанских republicanвоенизированных militantорганизаций groups were merging with the Real IRA.объявили Asо beforeтом, theчто groupсоединятся wouldс continueПодлинной toИрландской referреспубликанской toармией. itselfОрганизация asсвоё "theимя Irishне Republican Army",изменяла<ref>{{cite news |last=McDonald |first=Henry |date=26 July 2012 |title=Republican dissidents join forces to form a new IRA |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jul/26/ira-northern-ireland-dissident-republican-groups |newspaper=The Guardian |accessdate=26 July 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author= |title=New IRA: full statement by the dissident 'Army Council' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/jul/26/ira-northern-ireland-dissident-republican-groups1 |newspaper=The Guardian|date=26 July 2012 |accessdate=26 July 2012}}</ref>, thoughно someСМИ mediaпоспешили beganназвать toгруппировку refer«Новой toИрландской theРеспубликанской group as a "new IRA".Армией»<ref>{{cite news |author= |title=Rise of the 'new IRA' and what it means for the rest of us |url=http://www.herald.ie/news/rise-of-the-new-ira-and-what-it-means-for-the-rest-of-us-28906870.html |newspaper=[[The Herald (Ireland)|The Herald]] |date=17 November 2012 |access-date=22 August 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=McDonald |first=Henry |date=5 December 2012 |title='New IRA' group blamed for killing of Dublin crime boss |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/dec/05/new-ira-blamed-killing-dublin-crime-boss |newspaper=The Guardian |access-date=22 August 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Deeney |first=Donna |date=11 December 2012 |title=Terror suspects part of new dissident group, court told |url=http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/terror-suspects-part-of-new-dissident-group-court-told-29004098.html |newspaper=[[Belfast Telegraph]] |access-date=22 August 2016}}</ref>.
 
AsВ wellальянс asвошла RAADВосточно-Тиронская группировка, theкоторую allianceподозревают includesв anубийстве eastсевероирландского [[Countyполицейского Tyrone|Tyrone]]Ронана groupКерра thoughtв to2011 beгоду, responsibleи forБелфастская killing PSNI officer [[Murder of Ronan Kerr|Ronan Kerr]] in 2011группировка, andкоторая aв Belfast2010 groupгоду whoсовершила badlyпокушение woundedна PSNIофицера officerполиции PeadarПитера Heffron in 2010Хеффрона. The [[ContinuityПереходная IrishИрландская Republicanреспубликанская Army|Continuity IRAармия]], andи theотколовшаяся groupот often«подлинных» referredорганизация to«Сыны asИрландии» [[Óglaighостались naнезависимыми. hÉireannПолиция (Real IRA splinter group)|Óglaigh na hÉireann (ONH)]]предположила, remainчто independent.в The«Новой PSNIИРА» reckonedнасчитывается that the new group has a membership of "betweenот 250 andдо 300 militaryвооружённых activistsактивистов, backedкоторых upуспешно byскрывают associates".соратники<ref name="indo-sep12"/>. InВ Novemberноябре 2012 itгода claimedгруппировка responsibilityвзяла forна shootingсебя deadответственность aза [[Northernубийство Irelandофицера Prisonтюремной Service|Prisonслужбы Officer]]в near [[Lurgan]],Лургане<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/issues/violence/deaths2012draft.htm|title=CAIN: Issues: Violence - Draft List of Deaths Related to the Conflict in 2012|first=Dr Martin|last=Melaugh|website=cain.ulst.ac.uk}}</ref><ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-20296702 "David Black murder: New 'IRA' group claims it murdered prison officer"]. BBC News, 12 November 2012.</ref> the— firstвпервые prisonс officer1993 toгода beбыл killedубит sinceсотрудник 1993.тюремной охраны<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/2012/11/01/us-irish-killing-idUSBRE8A015X20121101 "Prison officer killed in Northern Ireland motorway shooting"]. Reuters, 1 November 2012.</ref>.
▲<!---
 
On 3 September 2012 prominent New IRA (former RIRA) member Alan Ryan was shot dead in Dublin. Gardaí believed he had been involved in a feud with major crime gangs from whom he was trying to extort money.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.rte.ie/news/2012/0907/336727-man-arrested-in-alan-ryan-murder-investigation/ |title=Man arrested in Alan Ryan murder investigation |publisher=RTÉ |date=7 September 2012 |accessdate=5 October 2012}}</ref> Following Ryan's death an internal feud developed in the Real IRA section of the NIRA. Ryan's replacement as leader and another associate were shot and wounded in November 2012, allegedly on the orders of the Northern leadership. In March 2013, another prominent former Real IRA member, Peter Butterly from Dunleer, was shot dead; three Dublin men, allegedly from the Alan Ryan faction, were charged with his murder and IRA membership.<ref>{{cite news |author= |title=Three charged over Peter Butterly murder |url=http://www.rte.ie/news/2013/0309/375879-three-charged-over-peter-butterly-murder/ |publisher=RTÉ |date=9 March 2013 |access-date=1 September 2016}}</ref>
Строка 135 ⟶ 131 :
On 7 June 2017, Gardaí foiled a serious IRA bomb plot after discovering six kilos of [[Semtex]], "enough to blow up a street".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://metro.co.uk/2017/06/07/police-foil-new-ira-bomb-plot-as-they-seize-enough-semtex-to-blow-up-a-street-6691973/|title=Police foil 'New IRA' bomb plot as they seize enough Semtex to blow up a street|date=7 June 2017|work=Metro}}</ref>
 
On 1 September 2017, the Police Service of Northern Ireland warned that the group had developed a new type of bomb. In December 2017, MI5 said that Northern Ireland has the highest level of terrorist activity of anywhere in Europe with attacks being disrupted weekly. Over 250 seizures, thwarted attacks, and counter-terrorist operations are reported to have been undertaken by British security services.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.irishmirror.ie/news/irish-news/m15-terror-threat-ireland-greatest-11734711|title=MI5: Terror threat in Ireland is greatest in Europe|first=Niall|last=O'Connor|date=21 December 2017|work=Irish Mirror}}</ref>▼
On 1 September 2017, the Police Service of Northern Ireland warned that the group had developed a new type of bomb.
 
▲In December 2017, MI5 said that Northern Ireland has the highest level of terrorist activity of anywhere in Europe with attacks being disrupted weekly. Over 250 seizures, thwarted attacks, and counter-terrorist operations are reported to have been undertaken by British security services.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.irishmirror.ie/news/irish-news/m15-terror-threat-ireland-greatest-11734711|title=MI5: Terror threat in Ireland is greatest in Europe|first=Niall|last=O'Connor|date=21 December 2017|work=Irish Mirror}}</ref>
 
The group remain active in 2018, with it and the [[Continuity Irish Republican Army|Continuity IRA]] claiming they have no plans to announce a ceasefire along the lines of that of the [[Óglaigh na hÉireann (Real IRA splinter group)|ONH]].<ref>Óglaigh na hÉireann (Real IRA splinter group)</ref> However, both groups have suffered major setbacks and inactivity due to feuding and heavy police intervention, and have likewise often failed to commit successful attacks due to antiquated equipment and member inexperience.
Источник — https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Подлинная_Ирландская_республиканская_армия